Al-Ghazali and the Beginning of the Influence of the Method of Philosophical Thinking in Islamic Theology

Abstract

Imam Mohammad al-Ghazali (d. 505) is the most famous opponent of philosophy among theologians of the Islamic world. Despite his claim to critique the discourse of philosophers in the field of theology, he, under the influence of the Muslim commentators Aristotle (Farabi and Ibn Sina), accepted Greek philosophical thought based on meaning and emphasized the legitimacy of logic and mathematics. He introduces the way of thinking of the theologians before him because of its reliance on the word "uncertain" and replaces the logic and method of reasoning of analogical analogy with the method of allegorical reasoning (rejection of the absent to the witness) before him In this article, we will show by explanatory-analytical method that Ghazali, by accepting the possibility of achieving his rational certainty, relied on (argumentative analogy), paved the way for the content of Sinaitic philosophy to enter Islamic theology and began to mix philosophy with theology in the Islamic world. Of course, he was not obsessed with the necessities of this acceptance, and in studying the thoughts of philosophers, he acted like his own predecessors, and suffered from a kind of confrontation with Greek philosophical thought; Accepting the method of thinking and rejecting the content due to opposition to the principles of faith and the appearance of narrated evidence